In 1988 the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) was founded under ISO/SC2 with the charter to standardize a video coding algorithm targeted for digital storage media and bit rates at up to about 1.5 Mbits/s. Its official denotation is now ISO/IEC/JTC1/SC29/WG11. The first Draft Iinternational Standard (DIS) released by the committee, ISO 11172 (MPEG-1), was drafted in 1991 and finally issued as IS in 1992. MPEG-1 is intended to be generic (although the initial target applications envisaged and applications parameters defined were constrained to digital storage media). Generic means, that the standard is independent of a particular application and therefore comprises mainly a toolbox. It is up to the user to decide, which tools to select to suit the particular applications envisaged. This implies, that only the coding syntax is defined and therefore mainly the decoding scheme is standardized. MPEG-1 defines a hybrid DCT/DPCM coding scheme with motion compensation similar to the H.261 and CCIR Rec. 723 coding standards. Further refinements in prediction and subsequent processing were introduced to provide the functionality required for random access in digital storage media.

http://wwwam.hhi.de/mpeg-video/standards/mpeg-1.htm

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